When to program or reflash an electronic control module is usually dictated by three conditions: directed by a technical service bulletin, installing a new control module, or a VIN search identifies a calibration update related to a customer concern.
Performing a VIN search through the vehicle manufacturer's website can save time and money when diagnosing a condition. No one wants to unnecessarily replace a part only to find out that there is a calibration that is needed to fix the condition. Many calibration releases from vehicle manufacturers no longer have associated technical bulletins.
Since control module programming has become prevalent during repairs of all types, whether replacing a module or fixing a related condition, there are many things to take into consideration before, during and after programming.
Service Programming Symbol
There are a number of control modules that are capable of being programmed or require a service setup after service programming or installation, everything from the Engine Control Module and the Electronic Brake Control Module to the heated seat control module and the digital radio receiver.
A Service Programming symbol (Fig. 2) is used in the Service Information to indicate components that may be programmed or require a service setup after installation or service. Click on the symbol in the Service Information to go to the Control Module Reference table. The table lists the appropriate programming and setup procedure for the control module.
(Fig. 2)
The Service Programming symbol may also appear on the parts label of some components or be embossed on the part itself.
Programming Tools
Every manufacturer has developed their own programming tools that enable J2534 pass-through programming and can work on Controller Area Network (CAN) data vehicles.
GM
The Tech 2 scan tool can be used for programming of non-CAN data vehicles. A Controller Area Network diagnostic interface (CANdi) module is needed for the Tech 2 to read CAN data.
The GM Multiple Diagnostic Interface (MDI) is available for programming CAN data vehicles and offers faster programming than the Tech 2 while freeing up the scan tool for other diagnostic work.
Chrysler
The DRBIII supports vehicle programming but does not work on CAN data vehicles.
The StarSCAN works on Chrysler's CAN data vehicles. The StarMOBILE adds wireless support, a custom data recorder, and pass-through diagnostics, freeing up the StarSCAN for more extensive diagnostic tasks.
Ford
The New Generation Star (NGS) Tester combined with the NGS Web Flash Kit provides the ability to download Ford calibration files and reprogram modules.
Integrated Diagnostic Software and the Vehicle Communication Module are used to interface with standard computer platforms (PCs, laptops) on CAN data vehicles.
Toyota
The Mastertech scan tool can be used on non-CAN data vehicles.
The TIS techstream offers full support and reprogramming for current CAN data Toyota/Scion/Lexus vehicles.
For more information about scan tools and other programming tools available from vehicle manufacturers, refer to the following websites.
Audi
BMW
Chrysler (Chrysler/Dodge/Jeep)
Ford (Ford/Lincoln/Mercury)
GM (Buick/Cadillac/Chevrolet/GMC/HUMMER/
Oldsmobile/Saturn)
Honda (Honda/Acura)
Hyundai
Kia
Mazda
Mercedes-Benz
Mitsubishi
Nissan (Nissan/Infiniti)
Porsche
Saab
Subaru
Toyota (Toyota/Lexus/Scion)
Volkswagen
Volvo
Reputable aftermarket tool manufacturers, such as EASE Diagnostics, Snap-On Tools, SPX/OTC, and Bosch/Vetronix, also offer various scan tools and pass-through programming tools.
Proper Programming
Before programming a control module, there are several important practices to follow to ensure that successful programming occurs.
Vehicle system voltage - The vehicle's battery voltage should be greater than 12 volts but less than 16 volts. The battery should be charged before a programming event. A battery charger should NOT be connected to the battery during programming unless it is a Midtronics PSC charger validated for use during programming. (Fig. 3)
(Fig. 3)
Also turn off or disable any system or accessories that may put a load on the battery, such as engine cooling fans, the radio, Daytime Running Lamps, etc.
Ignition switch - The ignition switch must be in the On position. Do not begin programming right away. It's critical to wait until all modules on the vehicle have "awakened" before beginning. A good rule of thumb is to not plug in any tools until the instrument panel lights and tones stop after the initial key-on.
Do not change the position of the ignition switch during programming unless instructed to do so, such as after a successful programming. Do not turn off the ignition switch if the programming procedure is interrupted or is unsuccessful. Attempt to reprogram the control module.
Connections - Make sure all tool connections are secure. Do not disturb the tool harness while programming. If an interruption occurs during programming, a programming failure or control module damage may occur. After programming, check for the success of the programming by:
1. Turning off the vehicle ignition for 30 seconds to allow the module to power down and reset.
2. Start the engine.
3. Check for Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) in all modules.
In addition to following the proper programming procedures, successful programming also depends on a few other key factors. These include:
• High-speed Internet access in the shop
• A high-quality J2534 pass-through tool
• A subscription to the manufacturer's website
• Carefully reading all directions before and during the downloading of the flash files or programming of the control module
• Performing any necessary vehicle setup after programming. Refer to the appropriate Service Information
- Thanks to Mike Militello
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